Ho tloha ka 2020, e anngoeng ke kholo ea tlhokeho ea mose ho maoatle, ho theoha ha sekhahla sa thekiso ea likepe, tšubuhlellano ea boema-kepe, thepa le lintlha tse ling, thepa ea leoatleng ea machabeng e ntse e phahama, mme mmaraka o fetohile o "sa leka-lekanang".Ho tloha qalong ea selemo sena, ea machaba setshelo leoatle thoto ho tloha ka tšoso e phahameng le ba bang ba khalemelo.Lintlha tse tsoang Shanghai Shipping Exchange li bonts'itse hore ka la 18 Pulungoana 2022, index ea thepa ea thepa ea kantle ho naha ea Shanghai e koetsoe ka lintlha tse 1306.84, e ntse e tsoela pele ho theoha ho tloha kotara ea boraro.Karolong ea boraro, e le nako ea tlhōrō ea nako e tloaelehileng ea khoebo ea ho tsamaisa thepa lefatšeng ka bophara, litekanyetso tsa thepa ea likepe ha lia ka tsa bontša kholo e phahameng, empa li bontšitse ho theoha ho hoholo.Ke mabaka afe a entseng sena, 'me u bona mekhoa ea 'maraka e tlang joang?

Tlhokahalo e theohang e ama litebello
Hajoale, kholo ea GDP ea linaha tse kholo tsa lefats'e e theohile haholo, 'me dolara ea Amerika e phahamisitse sekgahla sa tsoala ka potlako, e leng ho bakang ho tiea ha khaello ea lichelete lefatšeng ka bophara.Ha e kopantsoe le phello ea seoa sa COVID-19 le ho phahama ho hoholo ha litheko, kholo ea tlhokeho ea kantle e bile botsoa ebile e qalile ho fokotseha.Ka nako e tšoanang, mathata a kholiso ea moruo oa lehae a eketsehile.Litebello tse ntseng li eketseha tsa ho putlama ha moruo lefatšeng ka bophara li beha khatello khoebong ea lefatše le tlhokahalo ea bareki.
Ho latela pono ea sebopeho sa sehlahisoa, ho tloha ka 2020, lisebelisoa tsa thibelo ea seoa tse emeloang ke masela, lithethefatsi le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka le "moruo oa lapeng" o emeloang ke thepa ea ka tlung, lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki le lits'ebeletso tsa boithabiso li bone kholo e potlakileng ea tšebeliso.Ho kopantsoe le litšobotsi tsa "moruo oa lehae" oa thepa ea bareki, joalo ka boleng bo tlase, molumo o moholo le molumo o moholo oa setshelo, sekhahla sa kholo ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha se fihlile boemong bo bocha.
Ka lebaka la liphetoho tse teng tikolohong ea kantle, thomello ea thepa e koaletsoeng ka thoko le lihlahisoa tsa "moruo oa lapeng" e fokotsehile ho tloha ka 2022. Ho tloha ka Phupu, mokhoa oa kholo ea boleng ba thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha le bophahamo ba thepa e tsoang kantle e bile e fetohile.
Ho ea ka pono ea thepa ea Europe le United States, bareki ba ka sehloohong lefatšeng, barekisi le bahlahisi ba bile le phihlelo ea ts'ebetso ho tloha ho haella, ho qhoqhoa ha thepa lefatšeng ka bophara, thepa e tseleng ea ho ba le thepa e phahameng ka mor'a lilemo tse peli feela.Ka mohlala, United States, barekisi ba bang ba baholo ba kang Wal-Mart, Best Buy le Target ba na le mathata a maholo a ho ba le thepa, haholo-holo TVS, lisebelisoa tsa kichineng, thepa ea ka tlung le liaparo."Thepa e phahameng ea thepa, e thata ho e rekisa" e fetohile bothata bo tloaelehileng ho barekisi ba Europe le US, 'me phetoho ena e fokotsa khothatso ea ho kenya thepa bakeng sa bareki, barekisi le bahlahisi.
Mabapi le diyantle, ho tloha ka 2020 ho isa ho 2021, tse anngoeng ke ho ata ha seoa sena lefatšeng ka bophara le thibelo le taolo e reriloeng le e sebetsang ea China, thepa ea kantle ho naha ea China e fane ka tšehetso ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ntlafatso ea moruo oa linaha tsohle.Kabelo ea China ea kakaretso ea thepa e romelloang kantle lefatšeng ka bophara e eketsehile ho tloha ho 13% ka 2019 ho ea ho 15% mafelong a 2021. Ho tloha ka 2022, bokhoni boo pele bo neng bo entsoe konteraka United States, Jeremane, Japane, Korea Boroa le Asia Boroa-bochabela bo folile ka potlako.Ha mmoho le phello ea "ho qhekella" ha liindasteri tse ling, karolo ea thepa ea kantle ho naha ea China e se e theohile, e amang ka tsela e sa tobang kholo ea tlhokeho ea khoebo ea kantle ho naha ea China.

Matla a sebetsang a ntse a lokolloa ha tlhoko e ntse e fokola, phepelo ea maoatle e ntse e eketseha.
Joalo ka moetapele oa lebelo le ntseng le tsoela pele le phahameng la thepa ea likepe tsa lefats'e, tsela ea Bochabela bo Hare-Amerika le eona ke "sebaka se thibelang" tseleng ea lefats'e ea ho tsamaisa thepa.Ka lebaka la tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha ea US ho tloha ka 2020 ho isa ho 2021, ho lieha ho ntlafatsoa ha meaho ea boema-kepe le khaello ea boholo ba likepe tse loketseng, likou tsa US li bile le tšubuhlellano e matla.
Mohlala, likepe tsa likepe tse Boema-kepeng ba Los Angeles li kile tsa qeta nako e fetang matsatsi a 10 li ntse li tsamaea, 'me tse ling li bile tsa emisa matsatsi a fetang 30 li le mong.Ka nako e ts'oanang, litekanyetso tse ntseng li phahama tsa thepa le tlhokahalo e matla li ile tsa hohela palo e kholo ea likepe le mabokose a tsoang litseleng tse ling ho ea tseleng ena, e leng se ileng sa matlafatsa ka mokhoa o sa tobang phepelo le tsitsipano ea tlhokahalo ea litsela tse ling, hang ha ho baka ho se leka-lekane ha "setshelo se le seng se thata. ho fumana” le “moaho o le mong ho thata ho o fumana”.
Ha tlhoko e ntse e fokotseha 'me likarabelo tsa boema-kepe li se li entsoe ka boomo, saense le taolo, tšubuhlellano boemakepeng ba mose ho maoatle e ntlafetse haholo.Litsela tsa lijana tsa lefats'e li se li khutletse sebopeho sa pele butle-butle, 'me palo e kholo ea lijana tse se nang letho mose ho maoatle e khutlile, e leng se etsang hore ho be thata ho khutlela sebakeng sa pele sa "setshelo se le seng ho thata ho se fumana" le "setshelo se le seng se thata ho se fumana".
Ka ntlafatso ea ho se leka-lekane lipakeng tsa phepelo le tlhoko ea litsela tse kholo, sekhahla sa ho boloka nako likepe tsa lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa lefats'e tsa liner le sona se se se qalile ho nyoloha butle-butle, 'me matla a ho tsamaisa likepe a ntse a tsoela pele ho lokolloa.Ho tloha ka Hlakubele ho isa Phuptjane 2022, lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa liner li ile tsa laola liperesente tse ka bang 10 tsa bokhoni ba tsona ba ho se sebetse ka lebaka la ho theoha ka potlako ha sekhahla sa meroalo e meholo, empa ha lia ka tsa emisa ho theoha ho tsoelang pele ha litefiso tsa thepa.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, maano a tlholisano a likhoebo tsa likepe le ona a ile a qala ho fapana.Likhoebo tse ling li ile tsa qala ho matlafatsa matsete a litšebeletso tsa motheo tsa onshore, ho fumana barekisi ba meetlo le lik'hamphani tsa thepa, ho potlakisa phetoho ea digital;Likhoebo tse ling li matlafatsa phetoho ea likepe tse ncha tsa matla, li hlahloba likepe tse ncha tsa matla tse tsamaisoang ke mafura a LNG, methanol le matla a motlakase.Lik'hamphani tse ling le tsona li ile tsa tsoela pele ho eketsa litaelo tsa likepe tse ncha.
A angoa ke liphetoho tsa morao-rao tsa meralo 'marakeng, ho hloka tšepo ho ntse ho ata, mme sekhahla sa thepa ea thepa ea lijana lefatšeng ka bophara se ntse se theoha ka potlako, mme mmaraka oa libaka o bile o theohile ka ho feta 80% sehlohlolong sa ona.Bajari, barekisi ba thepa le beng ba thepa bakeng sa papali ea matla a ntseng a eketseha.Boemo bo batlang bo le matla ba mopalami bo se bo qala ho hatella meputso ea barekisi ba pele.Ka nako e ts'oanang, theko ea sebaka le theko ea nako e telele ea litsela tse ling tse kholo lia khelosoa.Likhoebo tse ling li entse tlhahiso ea ho batla ho buisana bocha ka theko ea nako e telele, e ka ba ea lebisa ho tlōlo ea molao ea konteraka ea lipalangoang.Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka tumellano e shebaneng le 'maraka, ha ho bonolo ho fetola tumellano, mme e bile e tobane le kotsi e kholo ea matšeliso.

Ho thoe'ng ka mekhoa ea theko e tlang
Ho tloha boemong ba hona joale, nakong e tlang setshelo leoatle thepa theoha kapa moqotetsane.
Ho latela pono ea tlhokeho, ka lebaka la ho tiea ha khaello ea lichelete lefatšeng ka bophara e bakoang ke ho potlakisa ho phahama ha sekhahla sa tsoala ea lidolara tsa Amerika, ho theoha ha tlhokahalo ea bareki le litšenyehelo tse bakoang ke ho phahama ha theko ea lichelete Europe le United States, thepa e phahameng ea thepa le phokotso ea theko ea lichelete. tlhokahalo ea kantle ho naha Europe le United States le lintlha tse ling tse mpe, tlhoko ea lipalangoang tsa lijana e kanna ea tsoela pele ho tepella maikutlong.Leha ho le joalo, ho fokotseha ha morao tjena ho index ea Boitsebiso ba bareki ba US le ho khutlisa thepa ea Chaena e kang lisebelisoa tse nyenyane tsa malapeng li ka fokotsa ho fokotseha ha tlhokahalo.
Ho latela pono ea phepelo, tšubuhlellano ea boema-kepe ba mose ho maoatle e tla nolofalloa le ho feta, ts'ebetso ea phepelo ea likepe e lebelletsoe ho ntlafatsoa le ho feta, mme lebelo la ho tsamaisa thepa kotareng ea bone le ka potlakisoa, kahoo mmaraka o tobane le maemo a maholo. khatello e feteletseng.
Leha ho le joalo, hajoale, lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa liner li se li qalile ho etsa mehato e mecha ea ho emisa, 'me kholo ea bokhoni bo sebetsang' marakeng e batla e laoloa.Ka nako e ts'oanang, likhohlano tsa Russia-Ukraine le ho phahama ha litheko tsa matla a lefats'e le tsona li tlisitse lipelaelo tse ngata molemong oa 'maraka o tlang.Kahlolo e akaretsang, indasteri ea lijana tsa kotara ea bone e ntse e le mothating oa "ebb tide", litebello tse holimo li ntse li haelloa ke tšehetso e matla, khatello ea thepa ea thepa ka kakaretso e theohela tlase, ho theoha kapa ho patisane.
Ho ea ka pono ea lik'hamphani tsa likepe, hoa hlokahala ho etsa litokisetso tse lekaneng bakeng sa phello ea "ebb tide" indastering ea lijana.Matsete a sekepe a ka ba hlokolosi haholoanyane, a utloisisa hamolemo boleng ba sekepe sa hajoale le tšusumetso ea limmaraka tsa thepa, khetha menyetla e metle ea matsete;Re lokela ho ela hloko liphetoho tse ncha tumellanong ea RCEP, khoebo ea lebatooa, likepe tse potlakileng le ketane e batang ho atamela haufi le beng ba thepa le ho matlafatsa bokhoni ba rona ba ho qetela bo kopaneng ba litšebeletso tsa phepelo le melemo ea tlholisano.Ikamahanye le mokhoa oa hajoale oa kopanyo ea lisebelisoa tsa boema-kepe, ho matlafatsa nts'etsopele e kopaneng le likou, le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele e hokahaneng ea makala a mathomo le a mahareng.Ka nako e ts'oanang, eketsa phetoho ea dijithale le ntlafatso ea khoebo le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba taolo ea sethala.
Ho ea ka pono ea barekisi, re lokela ho ela hloko haholo liphetoho tsa sebopeho sa tšebeliso ea mose ho maoatle le ho loanela ho fumana litaelo tse ling tsa kantle ho naha.Re tla laola ka nepo litjeho tse ntseng li phahama tsa thepa e tala, ho laola ka nepo litšenyehelo tsa thepa ea lihlahisoa tse felileng, ho khothaletsa ntlafatso ea lihlahisoa tsa kantle ho naha le boqapi ba theknoloji, le ho eketsa boleng bo ekelitsoeng ba thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha.Ela hloko haholo ts'ehetso ea leano la naha bakeng sa ho khothaletsa khoebo ea kantle ho naha le ho kenyeletsoa mokhoeng oa nts'etsopele oa khoebo ea marang-rang e tšelang meeli.
Ho ea ka pono ea morekisi oa thepa, hoa hlokahala ho laola litšenyehelo tsa chelete, ho ntlafatsa bokhoni bohle ba litšebeletso tsa thepa, le ho thibela koluoa ​​​​ea phepelo e ka bakoang ke ho phatloha ha ketane ea lichelete.